Как пользоваться gimp

GIMP for Unix-like systems

If available, the official package from your Unix-like
distribution is the recommended method of installing GIMP!

The flatpak build is new and has known limitations, though it
will likely provide faster updates, following GIMP releases
closely.

Therefore choose your installation medium according to your
needs.

Flatpak build available in: x86-64 and AArch64
(note: i386 and ARM-32 versions used to be published, yet
are now stuck at GIMP 2.10.14 and 2.10.22 respectively).

Flatpak additional instructions

The flatpak link above should open your software installer
and prompt you to install GIMP. Yet it may not work
out-of-the-box on some platforms since the flatpak technology is
new. If that is the case, ensure flatpak is
installed and if clicking the link still does not prompt to
install GIMP, then manually install by command line:

Once installed, it will be made available exactly the same way
as other applications (menus, desktop overview, or any specific
application launch process used by your desktop).

If this is not the case, we suggest to report a bug to your
desktop or distribution asking for proper support of flatpak. In
the meantime, you can still run it by command line (not as the
recommended method, only a workaround):

This installation will also provide regular update. You don’t
have to come back on this page and install again (it will not
work!) when a new version of GIMP is released. Instead if your
distribution and/or desktop has a good support for flatpak, it
should propose to perform updates.

Once again, if your distribution does not have proper support,
you can always fall back to using the following command line:

Troubleshooting¶

Yes, GIMP does support graphic tablets and maps pressure, stroke speed, and
other events to its advanced brush engine properties. However, the version of
the user interface toolkit that GIMP currently relies on (GTK+ 2.x) is broken
beyond repair on Windows and Mac with regards to supporting some advanced input
devices such as Wacom’s.

To fix this, we need to port GIMP to GTK+3 where everything mostly works as
expected. This is a work in progress.

My macOS system doesn’t let me open GIMP. What do I do?

We haven’t yet joined the Apple Developer Program, so the DMG files we provide
are unsigned, hence the “unidentified developer” warning. Please follow the
procedure described in Apple’s knowledge base.

Better selection tools¶

The Foreground Select tool can finally make subpixel selections in complex
cases such as strays of hair on textured background. Two new masking methods are
now available for that.

New foreground select tool using Matting Global for fine selections of foreground objects, particularly things like find hairs.

The Select by Color and Fuzzy Select tools now both feature a Draw mask
option to display future selection area with a magenta fill, and the latter tool
also got a Diagonal neighbors option to select diagonally neighboring pixels.

For the Free Select tool, closing a polygonal/free selection now doesn’t
confirm the selection automatically. Instead you still can tweak positions of
nodes (where applicable), then press Enter, double-click inside the
selection, or switch to another tool to confirm the selection.

The Intelligent Scissors tool finally allows to remove the last added segment
with Backspace key, and GIMP now checks, whether the first and the last
segments are distinct before closing the curve.

Contributors: Michael Natterer, Jan Rüegg, Daniel Sabo, Ell…

Color tools

All color tools have been refactored to become GEGL-based filters, so they could
be properly used later on when we introduce non-destructive editing. Hence,
the Color submenu in the Tools menu has been removed, and these filters
are now mostly unavailable in the toolbox.

Contributors: Michael Natterer…

Возможности редактора Gimp

Графический редактор Gimp позволяет выполнять широкий спектр операций с различными изображениями. Он поддерживает большое количество форматов, имеет множество предустановленных фильтров, кистей и шаблонов. Если вас не устраивает изначальный функционал, его можно расширить за счёт дополнительных модулей. Итак, что же умеет программа?

• Создание и продвинутая обработка графических файлов, фотографий, логотипов, рисунков. Можно менять размер, редактировать цвет, соединить несколько фото в одно, настраивать уровень яркости, контрастности, цветового баланса, искажений, преобразовывать картинки из одного формата в другой.
• Поддержка родного формата XCF, а также JPG, JPEG, GIF, TIFF, PNM, MPEG, PNG, TGA, TIF, PS, XPM, BMP, SGI, PDF, ICO, PCX и множества других. И также предоставляется ограниченная поддержка PSD — оригинального формата Photoshop.
• Рисование. Для создания полноценных рисунков доступен полный набор рабочих инструментов, включающих карандаши, кисти, штампы и другие. Каждый элемент можно тонко настроить, изменить толщину и форму линий, а также прозрачность. 
• Создание многослойных проектов. Каждый элемент может наноситься в виде отдельного слоя, который затем в случае необходимости очень легко удалить или подкорректировать. А также доступна полная настройка альфа-канала.
• Полный набор инструментов для преобразования и трансформации: наклон, масштаб, поворот, вращение, отражение.
• Выделение фрагмента изображения. Доступны такие инструменты выделения, как фрагмент свободной формы, эллипс, прямоугольник, а также интеллектуальное выделение.
• Поддержка сканеров и графических планшетов.
• Большое количество встроенных фильтров, возможность как поштучной, так и пакетной обработки файлов. 
• История. Все ваши действия хранятся в разделе «История», благодаря чему вы сможете отслеживать все выполненные изменения.
• Анимация. Обработка анимационных файлов формата MNG. Каждый кадр обрабатывается как отдельный слой.
• Многоязычное меню, включая качественный перевод на русский и украинский языки.
• Детальная настройка интерфейса, возможность работать в классическом многооконном меню, так и в более привычном для новичков однооконном.
• Интеграция внешних инструментов, разработанных специально для редактора Gimp.
• Автоматизация ваших операций за счёт скриптов, написанных на языках Perl, Python и Script-Fu.

Installation¶

GIMP 2.7 must not be installed in the same prefix as other GIMP 2.x versions. If you want to keep your GIMP 2.6 installation in parallel to GIMP 2.7, you have to choose a separate installation prefix at compile-time and ensure that you use different library search paths for each version. If you do not set up your environment differently for each version, you will experience conflicts with the libraries and at least one version is likely to fail.

Also, do not install GIMP 2.7 to /usr/local because on most systems, its libraries would override the libraries of a stable GIMP 2.6 installed into /usr, breaking your distribution-installed GIMP from slightly to completely. The same applies to any prefix your system uses for the purpose or overriding things in /usr/lib.

You install the new version into a separate prefix, say /opt/gimp-2.7 by passing to the configure script. Then, in order to run the binary installed there, you change your environment to look for executables in /opt/gimp-2.7/bin by setting and you tell your linker to pick up libraries from /opt/gimp-2.7/lib by setting . Do not forget to both variables.

You can use a tiny wrapper script called gimp-2.7 and place it into /usr/local/bin or elsewhere in your PATH. The script would look something like this:

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More use for CIE LAB and CIE LCH¶

With GIMP 2.10, we introduced a number of features that make use of CIE LAB and
CIE LCH color spaces:

• Color dialogs now have an LCH color selector you can use instead of HSV. The LCH
  selector also displays out-of-gamut warning.
• A new Hue-Chroma filter in the Colors menu works much like Hue-Saturation,
  but operates in CIE LCH color space.
• The Fuzzy Select and the Bucket Fill tools can now select colors by their
  values in CIE L, C, and H channels.
• Both the Color Picker and the Sample Points dialog now display pixel
  values in CIE LAB and CIE LCH at your preference.

Contributors: Michael Natterer, Elle Stone, Ell…

Какие возможности есть у Gimp

Итак, как пользоваться редактором Gimp мы разобрались. Давайте рассмотрим список основных возможностей этого графического редактора. Их не так уж и мало для бесплатной программы, и есть всё, что необходимо для большинства специалистов.

• Можно выполнять основные операции с изображением — редактировать размер, цвет, контрастность, чёткость, выполнять повороты.
• Объединение нескольких изображений или накладывание текста.
• Конвертация изображения в разные форматы. Поддерживаются все популярные форматы.
• Инструменты карандаша, кистей, штампы позволяют создавать полноценные рисунки, логотипы.
• Работа со слоями, каждый их которых можно редактировать и перемещать индивидуально и независимо.
• Можно выделять разные области любой формы и работать с ними индивидуально от всего изображения.
• Может работать совместно с планшетами рисования и сканерами.
• Есть большое количество встроенных фильтров.
• Все выполненные в редакторе действия сохраняются в истории, и можно откатить изменения при необходимости.

Tools¶

Unified Transform

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New Unified Transform tool simplifies making multiple transforms, such as
scaling, rotating, and correcting perspective in one go. The design is based
on a functional spec written by our former UX expert Peter Sikking.

Contributors: Mikael Magnusson…

Warp Transform

The new Warp Transform tool allows doing localized transforms like growing or
shifting pixels with a soft brush and undo support. Such tools are commonly used
in fashion photography for retouching.

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As such, the new tool retires the old iWarp filter that was innovative at the
time of its inception (and pre-dated Photoshop’s Liquify filter), but was
ultimately cumbersome to use. The Warp Transform tool also features an
Eraser mode to selectively remove changes, previously unavailable in the
iWarp filter.

Contributors: Michael Muré, Michael Natterer, Jonathan Tait…

Handle Transform

The new Handle Transform tool provides an interesting approach at applying
scaling, rotating, and perspective correction using handles placed on the
canvas. People who are used to editing on touch surfaces might find this tool
strangely easy to grasp.

Contributors: Johannes Matschke, Michael Natterer, Ell…

Blend tool becomes Gradient tool and gets on-canvas editing

We renamed the Blend tool to Gradient tool and changed its default shortcut
to G. But this pales in comparison to what the tool can actually do now, and
it’s a lot.

The new tool pretty much obsoletes the old Gradient Editor dialog. Now you can
create and delete color stops, select and shift them, assign colors to color
stops, change blending and coloring for segments between color stops and create
new color stops from midpoints right on the canvas.

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All gradients available by default are also “editable” now. What it means is
that when you try to change an existing gradient from a system folder, GIMP will
create a copy of it, call it a Custom Gradient and preserve it across
sessions. Unless, of course, you edit another ‘system’ gradient, in which case
it will become the new custom gradient.

We intend to use the generic implementation of this later for brushes and other
types of resources.

Contributors: Michael Henning, Michael Natterer, Ell, Øyvind Kolås…

Updated user interface and initial HiDPI support¶

One thing immediately noticeable about GIMP 2.10 is the new dark theme and
symbolic icons enabled by default. This is meant to somewhat dim the environment
and shift the focus towards content.

There are now 4 user interface themes available in GIMP: Dark (default), Gray,
Light, and System. Icons are now separate from themes, and we maintain both
color and symbolic icons, so you can configure GIMP to have System theme with
color icons if you prefer the old look.

Color, Legacy, and Symbolic icons

Moreover, icons are available in four sizes now, so that GIMP would look better
on HiDPI displays. GIMP will do its best to detect which size to use, but you
can manually override that selection in Edit > Preferences > Interface >
Icon Themes.

Icons in various sizes to adapt for HiDPI displays.

Contributors: Benoit Touchette, Ville Pätsi, Aryeom Han, Jehan Pagès,
Alexandre Prokoudine…

Releases¶

When do you release the next version of GIMP?

We release both updates to the current stable version and development versions.

We cut new updates of the stable version in two cases: 1) some newly introduced
bug is knowingly affecting a lot of users; 2) the amount of improvements and
bug fixes is large enough to justify an update — typically, a few
dozens of each, but there is no rule.

Currently, we are working on GIMP 3.0 that will be using the GTK+3 user
interface toolkit and feature a lot of under-the-hood work. We also backport as
many changes as possible to the 2.10.x branch so that you would get them as part
of bugfix releases. We make 2.10.x releases on a regular basis, usually once
in one or two months.

Why can’t you announce dates of future releases?

We are a team of volunteers with day jobs, families, and personal interests
beyond development of software. Given that, we try to avoid the situation when
we cannot deliver a release, because something else at work/in family came up.

Instead we provide a feature-based roadmap
that roughly outlines, in what order we will be implementing various popular
requests made by users.

Aren’t you interested in doing paid development of GIMP via crowdfunding?

We already have jobs we love. However we actively encourage personal
fundraisers by trusted contributors. There are two such campaigns running at
the moment. You can learn more about them on the
Donate page.

If you are willing to launch a campaign and develop some features for GIMP,
talk to us about changes you are about to propose. We’ll help you to flesh
out your idea and promote it to a larger community.

Will you release GIMP for Android or iOS devices?

Apps for mobile devices imply a different approach to designing interfaces.
Since most of GIMP’s source code is related to the user interface one way or
another, it means that we would have to design and then develop a whole new
application. Given the current manpower, we’d rather focus on delivering a
great image manipulation program for desktop users.

However, we are interested to consult 3rd party developers willing to make a
free/libre GIMP-branded image manipulation program for Android. As for iOS,
please note that GIMP is licensed under GNU GPL v3+ which conflicts with
Apple’s Terms of Service. For a full story, please read
this article
by Richard Gaywood.

Creating text¶

8.1. Hello World — writing text in an image

To create text the PDB function gimp_text_fontname() may be used.

Here is an example of a script that creates an image containing “Hello world”.

The result:

One thing to note in this script is that the text that is created on line 15 is a floating layer, that needs to be anchored to its parent layer. This is done in line 16 through the call to gimp_floating_sel_anchor().

This script suffers from the problem that the image size is unrelated to the text size. This is taken care of in the following more complex example which shows the basic steps for a logo generating script:

• Creation of an image of arbitrary size
• Creation of a background drawable of an arbitrary size
• Creation of text layer which exactly fits the text with the command gimp_text_fontname.
• Resizing the image and the background to the size of the text layer.

The result is an image composed of two layers; a transparent text layer on top of a uniform background.

Note the special syntax of gimp_image_text_fontname in line 14 in basic-logo with the drawable = -1. The special case drawable=-1 means that instead of creating a floating layer, a new image layer will be created.

The dialog and the resulting image:

How You Can Help¶

GIMP is Free Software and a part of the GNU Project. In the free software world, there is generally no distinction between users and developers. As in a friendly neighbourhood, everybody pitches in to help their neighbors. Please consider the time you give in assistance to others as payment.

Ways in which you can help:

• program new features,
• report bugs (errors in the program),
• test existing features and provide feedback,
• add documentation,
• translate GIMP to your own language,
• translate the documentation,
• write tutorials,
• improve this website,
• make artwork for GIMP,
• let people know you used GIMP for your artwork,
• give away copies of GIMP,
• help others to learn to use GIMP, etc.

As you can see, anyone can help.

Development Status

The team is currently busy working on v3.0. This will be a port of GIMP to
GTK+3, much newer and better supported version of the user interface toolkit.

Most of GIMP’s source code is related to the user interface, so this port is a
major undertaking, especially since we shall break API and refactor numerious
parts of the program.

We still need to port more plugins to become GEGL operations. If you are willing
to help with that, please refer to the Porting filters to GEGL
page to see what you could work on.

To get a better understanding of where the project is heading to, which features
are planned etc., please visit the Roadmap page.

Bug Reports

GIMP is not a bug-free application nor is any other application so reporting the bugs that you will encounter is very important to the development, it helps the developers to make GIMP more stable and more bug free.

You don’t have to be a developer or a everyday user to report bugs. It can be hard to report a bug the first time you try it out but don’t just quit the whole bug report if you think it is hard. Instead, look at the bugs page you will find some very good help about this.

Web Development

Creating websites that contain useful information is very important. It is actually just as important as doing bug reports. A website contains a lot of information that is needed for the development to move on and it also contains information that will help the public to understand what the application is all about.

Step 5¶

Now we only need to save our animation as GIF. Before we do that, let’s optimize the animation using the function. This will create a new image using a different mode than what we have now. You can use two different modes for every frame of your animation. You can either use the replace mode (default), which will replace the old frame with the new one. It’s like taking the frame out before adding a new one. The other is the combine method, in which the new frame is added to the previous frame. That way only changes need to be updated. That’s what animation optimize basically does. The file size gets tremendously smaller. Now we need to index the image using function (Alt+I).

Try to use as little colors as possible and avoid dithering. Both number of colors and dithering tend to enlarge the filesize dramaticaly. I used no color dithering and generated 32 color pallette. The file size of the banner is about 7kB. If you now save the image as GIF, GIMP will ask whether it should save the image as an animation, which is exactly what we need. In the save as GIF dialog, you can specify the default delay (in our example it will be used for the blured frames) and disposal method. You can use your WWW browser to check the animation, or you can use the animation playback function in the animation section of the image menu.

General Improvements¶

Refreshed Look

A whole new default icon theme has been created for 2.4. The icons comply with the Tango style guidelines so GIMP doesn’t feel out of place on any of the supported platforms. Regardless of whether you run GIMP under Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X or GNU/Linux (GNOME, KDE or Xfce), GIMP provides a polished, consistent look.

Additionally the icons also have enhanced usability on dark widget themes, which is a common setting among digital artists.

For artists preferring more desaturated color theme for their icons, an alternative icon theme is available for download.

Scalable Brushes

The tool options now include a brush size slider that affects both the parametric and bitmap brushes. This has been an oft-requested feature from both digital painters and photo editors.

Unlike previous versions of GIMP, regardless of whether you’re using a bitmap brush, parametric brush or even a picture tube (multiple bitmaps), you can easily set the brush size with either the tool options dock slider or an external device such as a MIDI slider or knob or a USB device like the Griffin Powermate.

Selection Tools

The selection tools have been rewritten from scratch to allow resizing of existing selections. Additionally the rectangular selection tool includes a setting for creating rounded corners as this has been identified as a very common task among web designers.

The learning curve for the tools has been flattened as the key functionality is available without obscure shortcuts that confused GIMP beginners. Most of the existing shortcuts still work, but the functionality is either available through the tool options or made obsolete due to the interactive move and resize on canvas.

While the tools have been redesigned to make them easier to understand for the newbies, all the former functionality is there. You can still constrain aspect ratios or specific sizes.

Foreground Select Tool

Selecting individual objects on images is easier now with a new foreground select tool. It is done in two steps. First, you make select region of interest which contains the entire object. Then you paint over selected area with a brush, not crossing object’s border. Release mouse button when you’re done and look, if there are dark blue spots on your objects. If there are some, paint with a brush over them again and release to refine selection. When there are no more blue areas inside the object, press Enter and there you have a perfectly selected object.

All video demonstrations can also be viewed or downloaded from a separate page.

Align Tool

While GIMP has provided a grid and guideline functionality, the actual alignment of objects had to be done manually. In a few clicks, the new Align Tool allows you to align or distribute a list of layers, paths or guides. You can align these objects with another object, with the selection or with the image.

Changes in menus

Most notable is the new top-level Color menu that accumulates most tools, plug-ins and scripts that adjust colors in RGB/Grayscale mode and color palettes in Indexed mode. So now you can reach functions like Levels or Curves much faster than before. You can also define your own keyboard shortcuts for them using the improved keyboard shortcuts manager.

In the new version of GIMP, some menu entries have changed their names and position. It was done mostly to simplify learning curve and improve user experience. After all, “HSV Noise” and “RGB Noise” sound more meaningful than “Scatter HSV” and “Scatter RGB”, don’t they? And status bar hints for all plug-ins and scripts are quite helpful too.

Improved display when zooming in or out

Previous versions of GIMP used a fast but inaccurate way of displaying images at various zoom levels. When zooming out, some rows and columns of pixels where simply omitted from the display. The result was sometimes confusing, especially if the image contained many thin lines or small features. GIMP 2.4 avoids these problems and provides a better view of the zoomed-out images.

Support for file formats

• Support for Photoshop ABR brush format;
• Improved reading/writing EXIF in JPEG;
• Importing clipping paths in TIFF;
• Layer masks can be saved to PSD;
• 16/32 bit bitmaps and alpha-channel support in BMP;
• 24 bit and Vista icons can be opened and saved.

Changing the Size (Filesize) of a JPEG¶

You can also modify the filesize of an image when exporting it to a format like JPEG. JPEG is a lossy compression algorithm, meaning that when saving images to the JPEG format, you will sacrifice some image quality to gain a smaller filesize.

Using the same Horsehead Nebula image from above, I have resized it to 200px wide (see above), and exported it using different levels of JPEG compression:

Comparison of different JPEG compression levels.

As you can see, even at a quality setting of 80, the image is significantly smaller in filesize (77% size reduction), while the image quality is still quite reasonable.

When you’ve finished any image modifications you are doing, and are ready to export, simply invoke the export dialog with:

File → Export…

This will invoke the Export Image dialog:

You can now enter a new name for your file here. If you include the filetype extension (in this case, .jpg), GIMP will automatically try to export in that file format for you. Here I am exporting the image as a JPEG file.

You can also navigate to a new location on your computer through the Places pane, if you need to export the file to a different location. When you are ready to export the image, just hit the Export button.

This will then bring up the Export Image as JPEG dialog, where you can change the quality of the export:

From this dialog you can now change the quality of the export. If you also have the “Show preview in image window” option checked, the image on the canvas will update to reflect the quality value you input. This will also enable the “File size:” information to tell you what the resulting file size will be. (You may need to move some windows around to view the preview on the canvas in the background).

When you are happy with the results, hit the Export button to export.

To see more details about exporting different image formats, see Getting Images out of GIMP in the manual.